Indian Knowledge Systems: Webinars

India Studies Webinar | The In Between Notes Understanding the Subtle Sound of Hindustani Classical

In Western music, Microtonality usually refers to minute intervals smaller than a semitone and is often seen as a unique and experimental practice. However, in Hindustani classical music, these subtle pitch movements are not rare or unusual; they are part of common musical expression. This talk explores how Hindustani musicians use delicate shifts in notes (Swaras) to bring music to life, make phrases expressive, and create a unique aesthetic atmosphere. Instead of focusing on mathematical calculations or fixed pitch values, which have often been the focus, the lecture approaches microtonality from the viewpoint of musical performance, by keeping the practice of Raags at its centre. Drawing on examples from prominent Raags such as Yaman, Bhairav, Multani, Miyan-ki-Todi, and Marwa, it shows how minor variations, ornamentations, and melodic curves help define a Raag’s personality, known as Swarup, or identity. These “in-between notes” are essential: if they are missing or altered, the Raag can lose its character or even resemble another Raag altogether. Intended for a broad, diverse audience, the talk offers an engaging introduction to the character of Hindustani classical music through sound, nuance, and creativity.